Impedance spectroscopy is a method for analyzing the electrical properties of materials, components, and systems. It measures the complex impedance of a device, which is the ratio of the voltage and current of an alternating current input. Impedance spectroscopy provides important information on the electrical properties of a material, including its capacitance, inductance, and resistance. It can also be used to detect defects in materials and to characterize the electrical properties of materials over a wide range of frequencies.