Enabling Ultrasensitive Measurements | ElectroOptical Innovations
EOI is a well-equipped small technical house whose mission is to enable our customers to produce advanced measurement products for their customers. As technology developers we find imaginative solutions to hard measurement problems in very many areas of optics, electronics, photonics, and mixed-technology systems, both for customers and for our own proprietary developments, as well as doing extensive expert witness work in optics and electronics cases. Internal DevelopmentsIn the last year or two we've been doing a lot of work aimed at replacing photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in instruments, using avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). These devices are arrays of single-photon detectors, so they're also known as multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs). Our main application areas include biomedical instruments such as flow cytometers and microplate readers, which have to measure low light levels very precisely but don't need the ultralow dark current of PMTs. (Follow-on articles will talk about our SiPM work in airborne lidar and SEM cathodoluminescence, as well as on improving the performance of actual PMTs.)PMTs have been around since the 1930s, and remain the undisputed champs for the very lowest light levels. We love PMTs, but we have to admit that they're delicate and not that easy to use—they tend to be bulky, they need high voltage, and they need regular replacement. Most of all, PMTs are very expensive. In Part 1, we discussed ways to get better measurements by improving the signal to noise ratio (SNR), and saw that although it was often a win to measure more slowly and use lowpass filters, going too far actually makes things worse, because of the way noise concentrates at low frequency. Here we introduce a more sophisticated approach that generally works better: the lock-in amplifier. In building an ultrasensitive instrument, we're always fighting to improve our signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The SNR is the ratio of signal power to noise power in the measurement bandwidth, and is limited by noise in the instrument itself and the noise of any background signals, such as the shot noise of the background light or the slight hiss of a microphone. I can often be found on the Usenet groups sci.electronics.design and sci.optics. (There's not a lot of activity at sci.optics these days, but there are still folks listening who can help.).
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Lab Equipment List | Electronic Gear | Oscilloscopes | Tektronix TDS694C Digital Scope | Tektronix TDS784A Digital Scope #1 | Tektronix TDS784A Digital Scope #2 | HP 54542C 4 Channel 500 MHz 2 GSa/s Color Digital Scope | Tektronix 11802 20 GHz Sampling Scope | Tektronix 11801C 50 GHz Sampling Scope | SD-51 20GHz Trigger Head | Tektronix SD-20 Loop-Through Sampling Head | SD-48 30GHz O-E Converter | SD-46 20GHz O-E Converter | SD-42 20GHz O-E Converters #1 and #2 | Tektronix 067-1331-00 Sampling Head Simulator | Tektronix 012-1221-00 Sampling Head Extenders #1 and #2 | Tektronix 475A Analog Scope | Tektronix 2467 Analog Scope | Owon SDS7102V 100MHz 1 Gs/s 2-Channel Digitizing Scope | Active Scope Probes | Tektronix P6249 4GHz 5x FET Probe #1 | Tektronix P6249 4GHz 5x FET Probe #2 | Tektronix P6249 4GHz 5x FET Probe #3 | Tektronix P6201 FET Probe #1 | Tektronix P6201 FET Probe #2 | Tektronix P6201 FET Probe #3 | Tektronix P6201 FET probe #4 | Tektronix P6042 50MHz Current Probe | Semiconductor Measurement Tools | Hewlett-Packard 4145B Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer | Spectrum and Network Analyzers | HP 70004A/70820A Microwave Transition Analyzer & Display (DC→40GHz) | Hewlett-Packard 8568B Spectrum Analyzer, 100 Hz→1.5GHz | Hewlett-Packard 8566B Spectrum Analyzer, 100 Hz→22GHz | Hewlett-Packard 35665A Dynamic Signal Analyzer | Hewlett-Packard 89441A Vector Signal Analyzer | Frequency Counters and Modulation Domain Analyzers | Hewlett-Packard 5372A Frequency and Time Interval Analyzer | Hewlett-Packard 5316B 100MHz Universal Counter | EIP 535C Microwave Counter | EIP 578 Microwave Counter | Signal Sources / Time & Frequency Generators | PTS1000 1 MHz→1GHz synthesizer | PTS500 1 MHz→500 MHz synthesizer | Hewlett-Packard 8640B | Hewlett-Packard 3325A Frequency Synthesizer #1 | Hewlett-Packard 3325A Frequency Synthesizer #2 | Systron-Donner Datapulse 101 pulser #1 | Systron-Donner Datapulse 101 pulser #2 | Highland Technology P400 Digital delay generator | Wavetek 145 20MHz Pulse/Function Generator | Hewlett-Packard 8620C Microwave Sweeper Mainframe #1 | Hewlett-Packard 8620C Microwave Sweeper Mainframe #2 | Other RF gear | Texscan RA-50 Rotary step attenuator, 0-10dB | Texscan RA-100 Rotary step attenuator, 0-100dB | Hewlett-Packard step attenuator 0-120dB, 1GHz, BNC | Hewlett-Packard step attenuator 0-11dB, 1GHz, BNC | HP 33321H Rotary 0-70 dB step atten 18GHz | Drawers full of Mini Circuits, TTE, and other RF/microwave parts | Specialized Meters | Hewlett-Packard 400EL AC Voltmeter (10 MHz) | Hewlett-Packard 3400A True RMS AC voltmeter #1 (10 MHz) | Hewlett-Packard 3403A True RMS Voltmeter #1 (100 MHz) | Hewlett-Packard 3403A True RMS Voltmeter #2 (100 MHz) | Fluke 8920A True RMS Voltmeter (20 MHz) | Boonton 72A Capacitance Meter | Boonton 72BD Capacitance Meter #1 | Boonton 72BD Capacitance Meter #2 | Smart Tweezers STAD-KBHP LCR meter | AADE L/C Meter II | Hewlett-Packard 339A Audio Distortion Meter | Measurements (later Boonton) Model 59 'Megacycle Meter' #1 | Measurements (later Boonton) Model 59 'Megacycle Meter' #2 | Measurements (later Boonton) Model 59 'Megacycle Meter' UHF Head | Analog Multimeters | AVO Universal Avometer Model 8 Mk IV | AVO Universal Avometer Model 16 | Simpson Model 260 Series 3 Analog Multimeter | Simpson Model 303 VTVM #1 | Simpson Model 303 VTVM #2 | Keithley 410 Micro-Microammeter | Keithley 610C Solid State Electrometer | Keithley 602 Solid State Electrometer | Digital Multimeters | Hewlett-Packard 3456A 6.5 digit DMM #1 | Fluke 87 Handheld True RMS DMM | Tektronix DMM916 Handheld True RMS DMM #1 | Tektronix DMM916 Handheld True RMS DMM #2 | Tektronix TX3 Handheld True RMS DMM | BK Precision 2809B: 6600 count True RMS DMM | Keithley 191 5.5 digit DVM #1 (with AC board) | Keithley 191 5.5 digit DVM #2 | Keithley 191 5.5 digit DVM #3 | Keithley 177 4.5 digit Microvolt DVM #1 | Keithley 177 4.5 digit Microvolt DVM #2 | Keithley 177 4.5 digit Microvolt DVM #3 | Multimeter Accessories | Probemaster Series 8000 DMM Probes | Data Acquisition & Control | LabJack U6 Pro Data Acq Bricks #1 and #2 | Power Supplies | MIT PMT-2000 HV Power Supply (for photomultipliers) | Power Designs TP343A | Power Designs TP325 | Kepco MPS 620M | Kepco ATE 150-1.5M | Kepco BOP50-2M Operational Power Supply | Kepco JQE 36-3 36V 3A power supply | Tektronix 1103 Tekprobe Power Supply | Tektronix 1101 | HP PRECISION SUPPLIES | Hewlett-Packard 6112A | Hewlett-Packard 6114A | Hewlett-Packard Harrison 6111A | Hewlett-Packard 6116A | Hewlett-Packard 6110A | Burleigh RC-44 Ramp Generator | Burleigh RC-43 Ramp Generator | Amplifiers and Signal Conditioning | Highland Technology J750 Amplifier | Highland Technology T860 Buffer/Driver | Hewlett-Packard 08640-60506 Low Noise Amplifier (20 Hz - 10MHz) | EG&G PAR 5208 | Krohn-Hite 3905B 10-Ch Filter Mainframe | Krohn-Hite 3103A Bandpass Filter (10 Hz to 3MHz) | Standards and Decade Boxes | General Radio 1434-G Resistor Decade Box | Efratom LPRO-101 Rubidium Frequency Standard | Interfacing and Control | Advin Pilot U40 programmer | Prologix GPIB-Ethernet module | Piles of: | Computers | Supermicro 733TQ tower #1 | Supermicro 733TQ tower #2 | Supermicro 733TQ tower #3 | ASUS i7 Quad Core Tower box | Synology DS419slim NAS (offsite) | Optics and Lasers | Visible Lasers | Coherent Compass 532 Frequency-Doubled Nd:YAG Ring Laser | Uniphase 1137P He-Ne #1 | Uniphase 1137P He-Ne #2 | Uniphase 1137P He-Ne #3 | Melles Griot LGR192 | Infrared Lasers | JDSU NPRO 126N-1064 700mW 1064-nm Nonplanar Ring Oscillator (NPRO) Nd:YAG laser | Infrared Diode Lasers | SDL 5420 830 nm 150 mW Diode Laser #1 | SDL 5420 830 nm 150 mW Diode Laser #2 | SDL 5420 830 nm 150 mW Diode Laser #3 | 1540 nm Fabry-Perot Diode Laser | SFP (Small Form factor Pluggable module)-Based Pulsed Laser Source | Optical Test Equipment | Microscopes | Vision Engineering Mantis binocular microscope | Mitutoyo FS110 Long Working Distance Microscope | Newport Fibre Microscope | Beam Diagnostics | Blue Sky Model 200 Collimeter #1 | Blue Sky Model 200 Collimeter #2 | Burleigh WA-20-Vis Wavemeter | Burleigh RC-110 Fabry-Perot Interferometer | Photon Beam Scan 1080 | Spectrometers and Monochromators | Ocean Optics 2000+ UV-VIS-NIR Spectrometer | Optometrics SWIR Monochromator | Detectors and Cameras | Tektronix SD-42 6.4 GHz O-E Converter | Tektronix SD-46 20 GHz O-E Converter | Thor Labs 7GHz photoreceiver | Electrophysics 7215 | Electrophysics 6100 | Electrophysics 7290A IR Camera with 50-mm f / 1.4 Lens | A bunch of Toshiba RS-170 CCD cameras | Test Monitor NTSC 3.5"TFT | Optical Components and Optomechanics | Lenses | Hundreds of single- and multi-element lenses | Dozens of cylinder lenses and astigmatism correction optics | Mirrors and Prisms | More than 100 first-surface mirrors | Folding and Dispersing Prisms | Polarization Optics | Wollaston prisms: | Glan-Taylor and beamsplitting Glan-Thompson prisms | Gratings | Holographic and replicated ruled gratings | Filters | Schott Glass (Coloured) Filters | Interference Filters | Neutral Density Filters | Fibre Stuff | Electro-Optic and Acousto-Optic Devices | Crystal Technology 2405-01 Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter (AOTF) | Matsushita (Panasonic) EFLD-340 Acousto-Optic Deflector and driver | Matsushita (Panasonic) EFLD-250 Acousto-Optic Deflector #1 | Matsushita (Panasonic) EFLD-250 Acousto-Optic Deflector #2 | Isomet 1205C Acousto-Optic Modulator and driver #1 | Isomet 1205C Acousto-Optic Modulator and driver #2 | Crystal Technology Acousto-Optic Modulator and driver | EOD Low-Voltage Longitudinal Pockels cell modulator | Optomechanics | 36 × 48 × 6 inch Newport Aluminum Optical Breadboard | Motion Control | Piezo positioning stages | Oriel 18011 Encoder Mike Controller & Encoder Mike Heads | Manfrotto Magic Arm | Manfrotto 035 Super Clamp | Some dozens | Microbench and Thor Labs Cage Mounts | SICK LIST | Hewlett Packard HP 200CD Wide Range Oscillator | Hewlett-Packard 3585A Spectrum Analyzer & Tracking Generator 20 Hz→40MHz | Hewlett-Packard 3400A True RMS AC voltmeter #2 | Hewlett-Packard 3456A 6.5 digit DMM #2 | Hewlett-Packard 8013B pulser | Tektronix P6201 FET probe #5 | Tektronix 466 Analog Storage Scope | Boonton 93A True RMS Voltmeter (1mV-300V) | WANTS | Physical Measurement Equipment | Taylor-Wharton LD25 25-litre nitrogen dewar | Lasers | 1064-nm Nonplanar Ring Oscillator (NPRO) Nd:YAG laser | 1319-nm Nonplanar Ring Oscillator (NPRO) Nd:YAG laser | Some low-chirp telecom lasers | Other Optical | Astrovid Stellacam III TE-Cooled CCD Camera | Fibre Stuff | 40 Gb/s Telecom Modulators | Polarization Controllers | Fibre Rotators | Diode Laser Launchers | Couplers | Collimators | Oscilloscopes and Accessories | Tektronix MDO4104-6 | Tektronix 11800 Series Sampling Heads | Power supplies | Kepco BOP 72-6M Operational Power Supply | RF Gear, Analyzers, and Filters | HP 70000 Series Modules | 70001A Mainframe | 70800A 0.5m MSIB cable | 70900A/B Local Oscillator | 70902A IF Section 10 Hz→300 kHz | 70903A IF Section 100 kHz→3 MHz | 709310A Precision Frequency Reference | 70910A RF Section 100 Hz→26.5 GHz | 70905A RF Section 50 kHz→22 GHz | 70300A Tracking Generator 20 Hz→2.9 GHz | 70301A Tracking Generator 2.7 GHz→18 GHz | Agilent E4406 Vector Signal Analyzer | HP 85024A FET Probe | Hewlett-Packard 3577B 200MHz Vector Network Analyzer | Hewlett-Packard 8752C Opt 006 6 GHz Vector network analyzer | Hewlett-Packard 8753C Opt 006 6 GHz Vector network analyzer | K&L Microwave tunable Chebyshev bandpass filters | Hewlett-Packard 4470A transistor noise tester | Krohn-Hite Plug-Ins for 3905B | Hewlett-Packard 8444A Opt 59 Tracking Generator
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Keywords
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ISICL: In Situ Coherent Lidar for Submicron Particle Detection | ElectroOptical Innovations
ISICL: In Situ Coherent Lidar for Submicron Particle Detection | ISICL: In Situ Coherent Lidar for Particle Detection in Semiconductor Processing Chambers | Sensitivity and Sampling Rate of the ISICL Sensor
City: Village of Briarcliff Manor
State: New York
Country: United States
Where is Electro Optical Innovation LLC located?
The company Electro Optical Innovation LLC is located in Village of Briarcliff Manor, New York, United States. It's worth noting that the company may has more corporate locations
How many employees does Electro Optical Innovation LLC approximately have?
As of the latest available information Electro Optical Innovation LLC has around 1-10 employees worldwide.
When was Electro Optical Innovation LLC founded?
Electro Optical Innovation LLC was founded in 2011
In which industries does Electro Optical Innovation LLC mainly work?
The company Electro Optical Innovation LLC has it's main focus in the industries of Professional Services
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